IEC TR 61955:1998 pdf download – Primary batteries – summary of research and actions limiting risksto reversed installation of primary batteries

IEC TR 61955:1998 pdf download – Primary batteries – summary of research and actions limiting risksto reversed installation of primary batteries.
This technical report provides information relevant to the safe design of batteries and battery powered devices together with appropriate cautionary advice to consumers. This report Is primarily intended to be U5ed by
— battery manufacturers;
– equipment manufacturers;
— designers;
– standard writers;
— consumer organizations;
— charg•r manufacturers.
This report may also be of assistance to
— educational authorities:
— users,
— procurement personnel:
— regulatory authorities
2 Reference documents
IEC 60086-I :1996 Primary batter,es — Part 1: General
lEG 60086-2:1997, Primary batteries — Pail 2: Specification sheets
IEC Guide 104:1997. The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications and group safety publications
ISOIIEC Guide 51:1990, Guidelines for the inclusion of safety aspects in standards
3 Background
Primary batteries have become more sophisticated In both chemistry and construction with both capacity and rate capability being increased to meet the ever-growing advances in battery- powered equipment technology. Resulting from these continuing developments and recognizing the need for safety, technical commitlee 35 investigated the common modes of failure resulting from consumer inadvertent misuse. Specific attention was given to researching solutions limiting risks due to reverse installation of batteries which is the most common mode of consumer misuse
Statistical research:
— information coming from publicly available data relating to accidents Involving batteries;
— industry-based statistics provided through trade associations;
— availability of independent statistics through the IEC Advisory Committee on Safety
(ACOS).
Battery design considerations
— investigated mandatory design convergence:
— alternative design solutions including patent research;
— clarilied information in existing documentation relating to terminal design.
Battery compartment design considerations
— published battery compartment design guidelines to limit the problems associated with the reverse placement of a battery in multi-cell three or more) applications;
— promoted the safe positioning of compartments and foolprooting access.
Consumer information
— promoted the safe handling of batteries by publishing a consumer information leaflet including cautionary advice.
4 General
4.1 Battery compartment guidelines
The battery compartment guidelines published In annex B of this report are intended to direct the attention of the device designer to integrate a number of important features which. according to battery industry resources, significantly reduce the hazards associated with battery abuse.
4.2 ClarifIcation note to IEC 60086-1
In order to provide clear design options for both the device and battery designer, a note was added to lC 60086-1, clause 5, which specifically draws attention to the existence of both a protruding and a recessed negative contact.
4.3 Consumer information
The consumer information contained in IEC 60086-I. clause 13, and published in this report provides clear and unambiguous advice which promotes the safe and proper use of batteries and also highlights the risks associated with abuse andlor misuse.
4.4 ConcentricIty of the positive terminal
In order to ensure that the position of the positive terminal facilitates polarization, concentrcity limits were added to the dimensional specifications in IEC 60086-1, figures IA and 18,
4.5 IEC 6OO86-5 — Product satety standard for primary batterIes
The IEC has already published a safety standard for lithium batteries and in the further pursuance of the needs for salety, technical committee 35 is currently preparing an international standard which incorporates all elements of safety pertinent to non-lithium primary batteries.
5 Conclusion
The attention of the userreader of this technical report is drawn to the fact that the requirements of IEC1ISO Guide 51 and IEC Guide 104 were met with respect to design principles and duty to warn. Specific references In this regard are found In:
Guide 51
Requirements for safety
Testing and verification
Information for safety
Warning notices
Marking
Instructions for use
Packaging
Guide 104
Annex C — Principle elements of the safety objectives for electrical equipment.